{"id":18912,"date":"2024-07-23T09:04:58","date_gmt":"2024-07-23T09:04:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wissen\/herkunft-des-kakaos\/toltekischer-kakao\/"},"modified":"2026-03-04T21:31:58","modified_gmt":"2026-03-04T21:31:58","slug":"toltekischer-kakao","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/de\/wissen\/herkunft-des-kakaos\/toltekischer-kakao\/","title":{"rendered":"Toltekischer Kakao"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Toltekischer Kakao<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>Die Tolteken waren eine mesoamerikanische Zivilisation, die sich zwischen dem 9. und 13. Jahrhundert in der fr\u00fchen postklassischen Periode in der Region Mezquital Valley (dem heutigen mexikanischen Bundesstaat Hidalgo) entwickelte. Von Chichimeca-Ursprung (generischer Name, den die Mexica- und Nahua-V\u00f6lker in Zentral-S\u00fcd-Mexiko diesen Bewohnern des Nordens und Westens gegeben hatten).<\/p>\n<p>Das meiste, was wir \u00fcber die Tolteken wissen, stammt aus den Mexica- und postkolonialen Texten, die m\u00fcndliche \u00dcberlieferungen dokumentieren. Sie waren eine militarisierte Gesellschaft und sehr gute Kaufleute.<\/p>\n<p>Aufgrund ihrer gro\u00dfen milit\u00e4rischen Macht expandierten sie schnell: Sie besetzten die Stadt Teotihuac\u00e1n und dr\u00e4ngten sich den St\u00e4dten der Region auf. Sp\u00e4ter lie\u00dfen sie sich in der Stadt Tollan-Xicocotitlan, dem heutigen Tula, nieder.<\/p>\n<p>Die Tolteken waren Zeitgenossen des Mexica-Reiches. Als die Maya- und Teotihuacan-Zivilisationen ihren Niedergang erlebten, breitete sich das Volk der Tolteken w\u00e4hrend der klassischen und postklassischen Zeit (800 n. Chr. \u2013 1200 n. Chr.) \u00fcber das Zentralplateau aus.<\/p>\n<p>Die Macht der toltekischen Kultur beruhte auf der gro\u00dfen landwirtschaftlichen Vielfalt ihrer verschiedenen Gebiete: Die Ernten waren vielf\u00e4ltig und die Erhebung von Steuern wurde zur St\u00fctze ihrer Wirtschaft. Sie beherrschten Metallurgie und Keramik.<\/p>\n<p>Sie verf\u00fcgten \u00fcber gro\u00dfe handwerkliche F\u00e4higkeiten und waren hervorragende Meister in der Steinbildhauerei. Charakteristisch sind die monumentalen Skulpturen von Kriegern und Heerf\u00fchrern, insbesondere der sogenannten \u201eAtlanter\u201c im Zeremonienzentrum von Tula.<\/p>\n<p>Ihre G\u00f6tter stammten aus der Teotihuacan-Kultur, sie wurden mit Menschenopfern dargebracht, wof\u00fcr im Allgemeinen Kriegsgefangene eingesetzt wurden.<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_445508433\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"574\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas13-1024x576.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas13-1024x576.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas13-600x338.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas13-768x432.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas13-247x139.jpeg 247w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas13-510x287.jpeg 510w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas13.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_445508433 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-1405476981\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-1405476981 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Die Legende vom Ursprung des Kakaos: Tolteken<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Das Tonal\u00e1matl, das Omenbuch der Priester der G\u00f6ttin Xochiquetzal, erz\u00e4hlt die Legende vom Ursprung des Kakaos.<\/p>\n<p>Der Tonal\u00e1matl-Kodex ist ein Bildkodex, den mexikanische Zauberer als Grundlage f\u00fcr Rituale verwendeten. Es handelt sich um einen 260-Tage-Kalender (die Schwangerschaft eines Babys), in dem hervorgehoben werden sollte, wie oft Kakao dargestellt wird, sei es als Pflanze, Korn oder Schote. Auf der ersten Seite des Kodex findet sich beispielsweise eine Darstellung des Universums mit seinen vier Himmelsrichtungen, die jeweils von einem heiligen Baum bewacht werden. Im zentralen Teil befindet sich der Gott des Feuers, Xiuhtecuhtli.<\/p>\n<p>Der Kakaobaum ist der Besch\u00fctzer des S\u00fcdens und wird wiederum von zwei G\u00f6ttern besch\u00fctzt: Cenotl, der Gott des Mais, und Mictlantecuhtli, der Gott der Toten. F\u00fcr mesoamerikanische Kulturen repr\u00e4sentiert Mais das Leben, daher wird Kakao in gewisser Weise als Bindeglied zwischen diesen beiden Welten dargestellt.<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_526146820\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"660\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas4.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas4.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas4-600x388.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas4-768x497.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas4-247x160.webp 247w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas4-510x330.webp 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_526146820 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-912775018\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-912775018 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<p>Die G\u00f6tter hatten Mitleid mit den N\u00f6ten des toltekischen Volkes und beschlossen, dass einer von ihnen auf die Erde kommen w\u00fcrde, um es in den Wissenschaften und K\u00fcnsten zu unterrichten. Quetzalcoatl (der Gott der gefiederten Schlange) hatte gro\u00dfes Interesse an den Tolteken, also nahm er menschliche Gestalt an und kam wie ein Strahl des Morgensterns auf Tollan herab.<\/p>\n<p>Die Einwohner der Stadt, gute und flei\u00dfige M\u00e4nner, staunten \u00fcber sein Aussehen. Zusammen mit ihm kamen Tl\u00e1loc, der Besitzer des Regens, Spender des Lebens und Besitzer der vom K\u00f6rper getrennten Seelen, und Xochiquetzal, G\u00f6ttin der Freude und Liebe, Ehefrau von Tl\u00e1loc, und brachten dem toltekischen Volk sein Wissen bei.<\/p>\n<p>Quetzalcoatl gab auch eine Pflanze, die er den G\u00f6ttern gestohlen hatte, die sie eifers\u00fcchtig bewachten. Es war ein kleiner Strauch mit roten Bl\u00fcten und dunklen Fr\u00fcchten, aus dem die G\u00f6tter ein nur den G\u00f6ttern vorbehaltenes Getr\u00e4nk zubereiteten.<\/p>\n<p>Der Gott pflanzte den kleinen Strauch auf den Feldern von Tula und bat Tl\u00e1loc, ihn mit Regen zu f\u00fcttern, und Xochiquetzal, ihn mit Blumen zu schm\u00fccken. Der Baum trug Fr\u00fcchte und Quetzalcoatl sammelte die Schoten, r\u00f6stete die Fr\u00fcchte und lehrte die Frauen, sie zu mahlen und mit Wasser zu mischen, um das g\u00f6ttliche Getr\u00e4nk herzustellen.<\/p>\n<p>Der Legende nach besa\u00dfen die Tolteken vier Kakaosorten: Cauhcacahuatl, Mecacahuatl und Xochicacahuatl waren Sorten, die als W\u00e4hrung verwendet wurden, und Tlalcacahuatl war die Sorte, die sie r\u00f6steten.<\/p>\n<p>Dank dieser Gaben wurden die Tolteken zu einem reichen, weisen und gl\u00fccklichen Volk. Als die G\u00f6tter erfuhren, dass M\u00e4nner das ihnen gestohlene Kakaogetr\u00e4nk tranken, schickten sie Tezcatlipoca, den Gott der Nacht und der Dunkelheit, um Quetzalc\u00f3atl mit Alkohol zu berauschen, um ihn zu besch\u00e4men.<\/p>\n<p>Als Quetzalcoatl aus seiner Schl\u00e4frigkeit erwachte, beschloss er zu gehen und nutzte einen Lichtstrahl des Abendsterns, um mit den anderen G\u00f6ttern in sein Haus zur\u00fcckzukehren, doch er versprach, zur\u00fcckzukehren.<\/p>\n\n  \n    <div class=\"row large-columns-4 medium-columns-3 small-columns-2\" >\n  <div class=\"gallery-col col\" >\n          <div class=\"col-inner\">\n            <a class=\"image-lightbox lightbox-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas13-1024x576.jpeg\" title=\"\">            <div class=\"box has-hover gallery-box box-overlay dark\">\n              <div class=\"box-image image-cover\" style=\"padding-top:100%;\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" 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