{"id":18251,"date":"2024-07-19T22:38:16","date_gmt":"2024-07-19T22:38:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/?page_id=18251"},"modified":"2026-03-04T21:35:14","modified_gmt":"2026-03-04T21:35:14","slug":"toltecas-cacao","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/es\/conocimiento\/cacao-origen\/toltecas-cacao\/","title":{"rendered":"Toltecas Cacao"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Cacao y los Toltecas<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Los Toltecas fueron una civilizaci\u00f3n mesoamericana que se desarroll\u00f3 en la regi\u00f3n del Valle del Mezquital, (actual estado mexicano de Hidalgo), entre los siglos IX y XIII, durante el per\u00edodo poscl\u00e1sico temprano. De origen chichimeca (nombre gen\u00e9rico que los pueblos <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mexicas\">mexicas<\/a> y <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nahuas\">nahuas<\/a> del Centro-Sur de M\u00e9xico les hab\u00edan puesto a estos habitantes del norte y occidente.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La mayor parte de lo que sabemos de los toltecas proviene de los mexicas y textos postcoloniales que documentan tradiciones orales. Eran una sociedad militarizada, y muy buenos comerciantes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Debido a su gran poder militar, se expandieron r\u00e1pidamente: ocuparon la ciudad de Teotihuac\u00e1n y se impusieron sobre los pueblos de la regi\u00f3n. Mas tarde, se instalaron en la ciudad de Tollan-Xicocotitlan, la actual Tula.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Los Toltecas fueron contempor\u00e1neos del Imperio Mexica. Cuando la civilizaci\u00f3n maya y teotihuacana vieron su declive, el pueblo tolteca se extendi\u00f3 a lo largo de la meseta central durante los periodos cl\u00e1sico y poscl\u00e1sico (800 d.C. \u2013 1200 d.C.).<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El poder de la cultura tolteca se basaba en la gran diversidad agraria proveniente de sus distintos territorios: Las cosechas eran variadas, y el cobro de impuestos se convirti\u00f3 en el sustento de su econom\u00eda. Dominaron la metalurgia y la cer\u00e1mica.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ten\u00edan gran habilidad para la artesan\u00eda, destac\u00e1ndose en el esculpido de la piedra. Son caracter\u00edsticas las esculturas monumentales de guerreros y jefes militares, especialmente las llamadas <strong>\u00abatlantes\u00bb<\/strong> en el centro ceremonial de Tula.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sus dioses fueron tomados de la cultura teotihuacana, se les ofrendaba con sacrificios humanos, para los que se empleaba generalmente a prisioneros de guerra.<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_108139358\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"574\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas13-1024x576.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas13-1024x576.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas13-600x338.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas13-768x432.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas13-247x139.jpeg 247w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas13-510x287.jpeg 510w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas13.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_108139358 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-800088236\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-800088236 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: center;\"><strong>La leyenda del origen del cacao: Toltecas<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El <strong>Tonal\u00e1matl,<\/strong> el libro de los augurios de los sacerdotes de la diosa <strong>Xochiquetzal, <\/strong>relata la leyenda del origen del cacao.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El C\u00f3dice Tonal\u00e1matl es un c\u00f3dice pict\u00f3rico que utilizaban los hechiceros mexicas como base para los rituales. Se trata de un calendario de 260 d\u00edas (la gestaci\u00f3n de un beb\u00e9) en el que cabe destacar la cantidad de veces que aparece representado el cacao, ya sea como planta, grano o mazorca. En la primera p\u00e1gina del c\u00f3dice, por ejemplo, hay una representaci\u00f3n del Universo, con sus cuatro rumbos custodiados cada uno por un \u00e1rbol sagrado. En la parte central se encuentra el dios del fuego, Xiuhtecuhtli.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El \u00e1rbol del cacao es el que se encuentra custodiando el Sur, y a su vez lo protegen dos dioses: Cenotl, el dios del ma\u00edz, y Mictlantecuhtli, el dios de los muertos. El ma\u00edz para las culturas mesoamericanas representa la vida, as\u00ed que de alg\u00fan modo el cacao se representa como nexo de estos dos mundos.<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1041071596\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"660\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas4.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas4.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas4-600x388.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas4-768x497.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas4-247x160.webp 247w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas4-510x330.webp 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_1041071596 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-922354422\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-922354422 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Los dioses, compadecidos de las penurias del <strong>pueblo tolteca<\/strong>, resolvieron que uno de ellos bajara a la tierra para instruirles en las ciencias y las artes. <strong>Quetzalc\u00f3atl, <\/strong>(el dios de la serpiente emplumada) sent\u00eda gran inter\u00e9s por los toltecas, por lo que tom\u00f3 forma humana y descendi\u00f3 sobre Tollan como un rayo de la estrella de la ma\u00f1ana.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Los habitantes de la ciudad, hombres buenos y trabajadores, quedaron asombrados con su aparici\u00f3n. Junto con \u00e9l acudi\u00f3 Tl\u00e1loc, el due\u00f1o de las lluvias, dador de la vida y due\u00f1o de las almas separadas de los cuerpos, y Xochiquetzal, diosa de la alegr\u00eda y el amor, esposa de Tl\u00e1loc, y ense\u00f1aron al pueblo tolteca sus saberes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quetzalc\u00f3atl regal\u00f3 tambi\u00e9n una planta que hab\u00eda robado a los dioses, quienes la guardaban celosamente. Era un peque\u00f1o arbusto de flores rojas y oscuros frutos, con los que los dioses preparaban una bebida exclusiva de los dioses.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El dios plant\u00f3 el peque\u00f1o arbusto en los campos de Tula y pidi\u00f3 a Tl\u00e1loc que lo alimentara con la lluvia y a Xochiquetzal que lo adornara con flores. El arbolillo dio sus frutos y Quetzalc\u00f3atl recogi\u00f3 las vainas, hizo tostar el fruto, y ense\u00f1\u00f3 a las mujeres a molerlo y a batirlo con agua para crear la bebida divina.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Seg\u00fan la leyenda, los toltecas ten\u00edan cuatro clases de cacao: el cauhcacahuatl, el mecacahuatl, el xochicacahuatl eran variedades usadas como moneda, y el tlalcacahuatl era el que tostaban.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gracias a estos regalos, los toltecas se convirtieron en un pueblo rico, sabio y feliz. Los dioses, cuando supieron que los hombres tomaban la bebida del cacao que les fue robada, enviaron a Tezcatlipoca, dios de la noche y de las tinieblas, para que embriagase a Quetzalc\u00f3atl con alcohol para avergonzarle.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cuando Quetzalc\u00f3atl despert\u00f3 del sopor, decidi\u00f3 marchar y, aprovechando un rayo de luz de la estrella vespertina, regres\u00f3 a su hogar junto a los otros dioses, pero prometi\u00f3 regresar.<\/p>\n\n  \n    <div class=\"row large-columns-4 medium-columns-3 small-columns-2\" >\n  <div class=\"gallery-col col\" >\n          <div class=\"col-inner\">\n            <a class=\"image-lightbox lightbox-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas13-1024x576.jpeg\" title=\"\">            <div class=\"box has-hover gallery-box box-overlay dark\">\n              <div class=\"box-image image-cover\" style=\"padding-top:100%;\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" 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