{"id":24077,"date":"2025-01-17T13:52:06","date_gmt":"2025-01-17T13:52:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/origine-du-cacao\/cacao-des-olmeques\/"},"modified":"2026-03-04T21:03:41","modified_gmt":"2026-03-04T21:03:41","slug":"cacao-des-olmeques","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/fr\/connaissance\/origine-du-cacao\/cacao-des-olmeques\/","title":{"rendered":"Cacao des Olm\u00e8ques"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">Origine du cacao: les Olm\u00e8ques<\/h1>\n<p>Jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 r\u00e9cemment, on pensait que les Olm\u00e8ques avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 les premiers \u00e0 cultiver le cacaoyer, il y a environ 3000 ans, mais il semble que, comme nous l&rsquo;avons d\u00e9j\u00e0 signal\u00e9, il ait \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9 que certaines tribus amazoniennes utilisaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 ses graines.<\/p>\n<p>Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des \u00e9tudes r\u00e9centes, nous avons \u00e9galement appris que les Olm\u00e8ques utilisaient le cacao comme boisson c\u00e9r\u00e9monielle, puisque des traces de th\u00e9obromine ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9es dans de grands r\u00e9cipients en c\u00e9ramique portant des dessins que les arch\u00e9ologues ont class\u00e9s comme r\u00e9cipients c\u00e9r\u00e9moniels.<\/p>\n<p>Des si\u00e8cles plus tard, la culture du cacao s&rsquo;est propag\u00e9e \u00e0 la civilisation maya (600 av. J.-C.) et aux Mexicains (1400 av. J.-C.).<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;origine du nom \u00ab cacao \u00bb est attribu\u00e9e \u00e0 la civilisation olm\u00e8que, qui l&rsquo;aurait appel\u00e9 <strong>\u00ab kakawa \u00bb<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1729147905\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"1020\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1-600x600.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1-280x280.webp 280w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1-247x247.webp 247w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1-510x510.webp 510w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1-100x100.webp 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_1729147905 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-398643903\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-398643903 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<p>La culture olm\u00e8que s&rsquo;est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e dans l&rsquo;ancien Mexique, pendant la p\u00e9riode pr\u00e9classique m\u00e9soam\u00e9ricaine (1200 \u00e0 400 av. J.-C.), et est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme le pr\u00e9curseur de toutes les cultures m\u00e9soam\u00e9ricaines. L&rsquo;objet le plus significatif laiss\u00e9 par cette civilisation \u00e9taient les t\u00eates colossales sculpt\u00e9es dans la pierre pesant jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 26 tonnes.<\/p>\n<p>Les complexes monumentaux, leurs sculptures massives en pierre, les jeux de balle, la boisson chocolat\u00e9e et les divinit\u00e9s animales \u00e9taient des caract\u00e9ristiques de la culture olm\u00e8que, qui ont directement influenc\u00e9 le reste des civilisations m\u00e9soam\u00e9ricaines qui leur ont suivi.<\/p>\n<p>Son territoire \u00e9tait situ\u00e9 au sud du golfe du Mexique, entre les \u00c9tats actuels de Veracruz et de Tabasco. Son influence et ses activit\u00e9s commerciales se sont \u00e9tendues \u00e0 partir de 1200 av. J.-C., atteignant jusqu&rsquo;au Nicaragua actuel.<\/p>\n<p>Les Olm\u00e8ques sont une civilisation myst\u00e9rieuse : on ignore m\u00eame comment ils se sont appel\u00e9s (Olmec est leur nom en nahuatl, ce qui signifie \u00ab habitants de la r\u00e9gion du caoutchouc \u00bb). Leurs origines, leur localisation et l\u2019\u00e9tendue de leurs colonies sont inconnues.<\/p>\n<p>Les Olm\u00e8ques ont laiss\u00e9 des traces de leurs dieux et de leurs pratiques religieuses, en utilisant des symboles.<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_667258344\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"510\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca6.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca6.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca6-600x300.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca6-768x384.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca6-247x124.jpeg 247w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca6-510x255.jpeg 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_667258344 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-526529710\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-526529710 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Traces de th\u00e9obromine dans des r\u00e9cipients en c\u00e9ramique de San Lorenzo:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Powis et al. (2011) ont d\u00e9couvert des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts d&rsquo;\u00e9clats et de vases sur les sites arch\u00e9ologiques de San Lorenzo et Manat\u00ed (1800-1000 av. J.-C.).<\/p>\n<p>De petits vaisseaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9s ; Certains avec une surface blanche, utilis\u00e9s pour servir des boissons au cacao, les r\u00e9cipients sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de taille individuelle. La poterie en kaolin (argile blanche) \u00e9tait produite localement et export\u00e9e vers d\u2019autres r\u00e9gions.<\/p>\n<p>Des r\u00e9cipients de taille moyenne \u00e9taient utilis\u00e9s pour servir ou offrir. Seuls des exemplaires avec gravures ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9s. Deux d\u2019entre eux pr\u00e9sentent des motifs dont la signification est li\u00e9e \u00e0 la terre et au ciel.<\/p>\n<p>Statuette olm\u00e8que du dieu du cacao et vase olm\u00e8que contenant des restes de cacao<\/p>\n<p>Selon les hypoth\u00e8ses actuelles, au cours du Pr\u00e9classique moyen (1200-500 av. J.-C.), durant l&rsquo;horizon dit olm\u00e8que, les boissons au cacao ont atteint Oaxaca, le centre du Mexique et d&rsquo;autres r\u00e9gions m\u00e9soam\u00e9ricaines. Des images de la plante de cacao ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9es sur des poteries et des peintures murales de Teotihuacan datant de la p\u00e9riode classique ancienne (250-600 apr\u00e8s J.-C.).<\/p>\n\t<div id=\"gap-74593472\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-74593472 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n  \n    <div class=\"row large-columns-4 medium-columns-3 small-columns-2\" >\n  <div class=\"gallery-col col\" >\n          <div class=\"col-inner\">\n            <a class=\"image-lightbox lightbox-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1-1.webp\" title=\"\">            <div class=\"box has-hover gallery-box box-overlay dark\">\n              <div class=\"box-image image-cover\" style=\"padding-top:100%;\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" 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ids=\"24087,24088,24089,24090,24091,24092,24093,24094,24095\" image_height=\"100%\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca5-1-600x480.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca5-1-768x614.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca5-1-247x198.jpeg 247w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca5-1-510x408.jpeg 510w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca5-1.jpeg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>                                  <div class=\"overlay fill\"\n                      style=\"background-color: rgba(0,0,0,.15)\">\n                  <\/div>\n                                                              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"box-text text-left\" >\n                 <p><\/p>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/a>          <\/div>\n         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