{"id":24098,"date":"2025-01-17T13:54:43","date_gmt":"2025-01-17T13:54:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/origine-du-cacao\/cacao-tolteque\/"},"modified":"2026-03-04T21:33:48","modified_gmt":"2026-03-04T21:33:48","slug":"cacao-tolteque","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/fr\/connaissance\/origine-du-cacao\/cacao-tolteque\/","title":{"rendered":"Cacao Tolt\u00e8que"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Cacao Tolt\u00e8que<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>Les Tolt\u00e8ques \u00e9taient une civilisation m\u00e9soam\u00e9ricaine qui s&rsquo;est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e dans la r\u00e9gion de la vall\u00e9e de Mezquital (actuel \u00c9tat mexicain d&rsquo;Hidalgo) entre les IXe et XIIIe si\u00e8cles, au d\u00e9but de la p\u00e9riode postclassique. D&rsquo;origine Chichimeca (nom g\u00e9n\u00e9rique que les peuples Mexica et Nahua du centre-sud du Mexique avaient donn\u00e9 \u00e0 ces habitants du nord et de l&rsquo;ouest.)<\/p>\n<p>La plupart de ce que nous savons sur les Tolt\u00e8ques provient des textes mexicains et postcoloniaux qui documentent les traditions orales. C&rsquo;\u00e9tait une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaris\u00e9e et de tr\u00e8s bons commer\u00e7ants.<\/p>\n<p>En raison de leur grande puissance militaire, ils se d\u00e9velopp\u00e8rent rapidement : ils occup\u00e8rent la ville de Teotihuac\u00e1n et s&rsquo;impos\u00e8rent aux peuples de la r\u00e9gion. Plus tard, ils s&rsquo;install\u00e8rent dans la ville de Tollan-Xicocotitlan, aujourd&rsquo;hui Tula.<\/p>\n<p>Les Tolt\u00e8ques \u00e9taient contemporains de l&rsquo;Empire Mexicain. Lorsque les civilisations maya et de Teotihuacan ont connu leur d\u00e9clin, le peuple tolt\u00e8que s&rsquo;est r\u00e9pandu sur tout le plateau central au cours des p\u00e9riodes classique et postclassique (800 apr\u00e8s JC &#8211; 1200 apr\u00e8s JC).<\/p>\n<p>La puissance de la culture tolt\u00e8que reposait sur la grande diversit\u00e9 agricole provenant de ses diff\u00e9rents territoires : les cultures \u00e9taient vari\u00e9es et la collecte des imp\u00f4ts devenait le pilier de son \u00e9conomie. Ils ma\u00eetrisaient la m\u00e9tallurgie et la c\u00e9ramique.<\/p>\n<p>Ils poss\u00e9daient une grande habilet\u00e9 artisanale, se distinguant notamment par la sculpture sur pierre. Les sculptures monumentales de guerriers et de chefs militaires sont caract\u00e9ristiques, en particulier celles appel\u00e9es \u00ab Atlantes \u00bb dans le centre c\u00e9r\u00e9moniel de Tula.<\/p>\n<p>Leurs dieux provenaient de la culture de Teotihuacan et leur \u00e9taient offerts avec des sacrifices humains, pour lesquels on faisait g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement appel \u00e0 des prisonniers de guerre.<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_10439253\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"574\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas13-1024x576.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas13-1024x576.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas13-600x338.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas13-768x432.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas13-247x139.jpeg 247w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas13-510x287.jpeg 510w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas13.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_10439253 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-1523082758\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-1523082758 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>La l\u00e9gende de l&rsquo;origine du cacao: les Tolt\u00e8ques<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Le Tonal\u00e1matl, le livre des pr\u00e9sages des pr\u00eatres de la d\u00e9esse Xochiquetzal, raconte la l\u00e9gende de l&rsquo;origine du cacao.<\/p>\n<p>Le Codex Tonal\u00e1matl est un codex illustr\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par les sorciers azt\u00e8ques comme base pour leurs rituels. Il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;un calendrier de 260 jours (la gestation d&rsquo;un b\u00e9b\u00e9) dans lequel il convient de souligner le nombre de fois o\u00f9 le cacao est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9, que ce soit sous forme de plante, de f\u00e8ve ou d&rsquo;\u00e9pi. Sur la premi\u00e8re page du codex, par exemple, on trouve une repr\u00e9sentation de l\u2019Univers, avec ses quatre directions, chacune gard\u00e9e par un arbre sacr\u00e9. Dans la partie centrale se trouve le dieu du feu, Xiuhtecuhtli.<\/p>\n<p>Le cacaoyer est celui qui garde le Sud, et \u00e0 son tour il est prot\u00e9g\u00e9 par deux dieux : Cenotl, le dieu du ma\u00efs, et Mictlantecuhtli, le dieu des morts. Pour les cultures m\u00e9soam\u00e9ricaines, le ma\u00efs repr\u00e9sente la vie, donc d&rsquo;une certaine mani\u00e8re le cacao est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme un lien entre ces deux mondes.<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1751229357\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"660\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas4.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas4.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas4-600x388.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas4-768x497.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas4-247x160.webp 247w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas4-510x330.webp 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_1751229357 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-573324131\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-573324131 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<p>Les dieux, prenant piti\u00e9 des difficult\u00e9s du <strong>peuple tolt\u00e8que<\/strong>, d\u00e9cid\u00e8rent que l&rsquo;un d&rsquo;eux viendrait sur terre pour les instruire dans les sciences et les arts. <strong>Quetzalcoatl<\/strong> (le dieu serpent \u00e0 plumes) s&rsquo;int\u00e9ressait beaucoup aux Tolt\u00e8ques, il prit donc forme humaine et descendit sur Tollan comme un rayon de l&rsquo;\u00e9toile du matin.<\/p>\n<p>Les habitants de la ville, hommes bons et travailleurs, furent \u00e9tonn\u00e9s de son apparence. Avec lui vinrent Tl\u00e1loc, le propri\u00e9taire des pluies, donneur de vie et propri\u00e9taire des \u00e2mes s\u00e9par\u00e9es de leurs corps, et Xochiquetzal, d\u00e9esse de la joie et de l&rsquo;amour, \u00e9pouse de Tl\u00e1loc, et ils enseign\u00e8rent leur connaissance au peuple tolt\u00e8que.<\/p>\n<p>Quetzalcoatl donna \u00e9galement une plante qu&rsquo;il avait vol\u00e9e aux dieux, qui la gard\u00e8rent jalousement. C&rsquo;\u00e9tait un petit buisson aux fleurs rouges et aux fruits noirs, avec lequel les dieux pr\u00e9paraient une boisson exclusive aux dieux.<\/p>\n<p>Le dieu planta le petit buisson dans les champs de Tula et demanda \u00e0 Tl\u00e1loc de le nourrir de pluie et \u00e0 Xochiquetzal de le d\u00e9corer de fleurs. Le petit arbre porta des fruits et Quetzalcoatl ramassa les gousses, fit r\u00f4tir les fruits et apprit aux femmes \u00e0 les moudre et \u00e0 les m\u00e9langer avec de l&rsquo;eau pour cr\u00e9er la boisson divine.<\/p>\n<p>Selon la l\u00e9gende, les Tolt\u00e8ques poss\u00e9daient quatre types de cacao : le cauhcacahuatl, le mecacahuatl et le xochicacahuatl \u00e9taient les vari\u00e9t\u00e9s utilis\u00e9es comme monnaie, et le tlalcacahuatl \u00e9tait celui qu&rsquo;ils torr\u00e9fiaient.<\/p>\n<p>Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ces dons, les Tolt\u00e8ques sont devenus un peuple riche, sage et heureux. Les dieux, lorsqu&rsquo;ils apprirent que les hommes buvaient la boisson au cacao qui leur avait \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e, envoy\u00e8rent Tezcatlipoca, dieu de la nuit et des t\u00e9n\u00e8bres, pour enivrer Quetzalcoatl d&rsquo;alcool pour le couvrir de honte.<\/p>\n<p>Lorsque Quetzalcoatl se r\u00e9veilla de son sommeil, il d\u00e9cida de partir et, profitant d&rsquo;un rayon de lumi\u00e8re de l&rsquo;\u00e9toile du soir, il retourna chez lui avec les autres dieux, mais promit de revenir.<\/p>\n\n  \n    <div class=\"row large-columns-4 medium-columns-3 small-columns-2\" >\n  <div class=\"gallery-col col\" >\n          <div class=\"col-inner\">\n            <a class=\"image-lightbox lightbox-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Toltecas13-1024x576.jpeg\" title=\"\">            <div class=\"box has-hover gallery-box box-overlay dark\">\n              <div class=\"box-image image-cover\" style=\"padding-top:100%;\">\n                <img 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lecture<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":23887,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-24098","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Cacao Tolt\u00e8que - SINCHI RAP\u00c9<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/fr\/connaissance\/origine-du-cacao\/cacao-tolteque\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cacao Tolt\u00e8que - SINCHI RAP\u00c9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" 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