{"id":18894,"date":"2024-07-22T20:52:49","date_gmt":"2024-07-22T20:52:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/conoscenza\/origine-del-cacao\/cacao-olmeco\/"},"modified":"2026-03-04T21:02:05","modified_gmt":"2026-03-04T21:02:05","slug":"cacao-olmeco","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/it\/conoscenza\/origine-del-cacao\/cacao-olmeco\/","title":{"rendered":"Cacao Olmeco"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">Origine del cacao: gli Olmechi<\/h1>\n<p>Fino a poco tempo fa si pensava che gli Olmechi fossero stati i primi a coltivare l&#8217;albero del cacao, circa 3.000 anni fa, ma sembra che, come abbiamo notato prima, sia confermato che alcune trib\u00f9 amazzoniche ne utilizzassero gi\u00e0 il seme.<\/p>\n<p>Grazie a studi recenti, abbiamo appreso anche che gli Olmechi utilizzavano il cacao come bevanda cerimoniale, poich\u00e9 tracce di teobromina sono state rinvenute in grandi vasi di ceramica con disegni che gli archeologi hanno classificato come vasi cerimoniali.<\/p>\n<p>Secoli dopo, la cultura del cacao si diffuse alla civilt\u00e0 Maya (600 a.C.) e ai Mexica (1400 a.C.).<\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;origine del nome \u201ccacao\u201d \u00e8 attribuita alla civilt\u00e0 Olmeca, che si ritiene lo chiamasse<strong> \u201ckakawa\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1359154225\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"1020\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1-600x600.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1-280x280.webp 280w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1-247x247.webp 247w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1-510x510.webp 510w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1-100x100.webp 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_1359154225 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-86598828\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-86598828 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<p>La cultura Olmeca si svilupp\u00f2 nell&#8217;antico Messico, durante il periodo preclassico mesoamericano (dal 1200 al 400 a.C.), ed \u00e8 considerata il precursore di tutte le culture mesoamericane. La cosa pi\u00f9 significativa che questa civilt\u00e0 ha lasciato sono state le teste colossali scolpite nella pietra che pesavano fino a 26 tonnellate.<\/p>\n<p>I complessi monumentali, le loro imponenti sculture in pietra, i giochi con la palla, il consumo di cioccolato e le divinit\u00e0 animali erano caratteristiche della cultura olmeca, che influenz\u00f2 direttamente il resto delle civilt\u00e0 mesoamericane che sarebbero succedute.<\/p>\n<p>Il suo territorio era situato nel sud del Golfo del Messico, tra gli attuali stati di Veracruz e Tabasco. La sua influenza e le sue attivit\u00e0 commerciali si espansero a partire dal 1200 a.C., raggiungendo l&#8217;attuale Nicaragua.<\/p>\n<p>Gli Olmechi sono una civilt\u00e0 misteriosa: non si sa nemmeno come si chiamavano (Olmec \u00e8 il loro nome in nahuatl, che significa &#8220;abitanti della regione della gomma). Le loro origini, l&#8217;ubicazione e l&#8217;estensione dei loro insediamenti sono sconosciute.<\/p>\n<p>Gli Olmechi lasciarono testimonianze dei loro dei e delle loro pratiche religiose, usando simboli.<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1973848738\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"510\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca6.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca6.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca6-600x300.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca6-768x384.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca6-247x124.jpeg 247w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca6-510x255.jpeg 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_1973848738 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-1026224962\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-1026224962 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Tracce di teobromina in vasi ceramici di San Lorenzo:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Powis et al., (2011) hanno scoperto depositi di frammenti e vasi nei siti archeologici di San Lorenzo e Manat\u00ed (1800-1000 a.C.).<\/p>\n<p>Sono stati trovati piccoli vasi; alcuni con superficie bianca, utilizzati per servire bevande al cacao, i contenitori sono generalmente di dimensioni individuali. La ceramica di caolino (argilla bianca) veniva prodotta localmente ed esportata in altre regioni.<\/p>\n<p>I vasi medi venivano usati per servire o offrire. Sono stati rinvenuti solo esemplari con incisioni. Due di essi presentano motivi il cui significato \u00e8 legato alla terra e al cielo.<\/p>\n<p>Statuetta olmeca del dio del cacao e vaso olmeco con resti di cacao<\/p>\n<p>Secondo le ipotesi attuali, nel Medio Preclassico (1200-500 a.C.), durante il cosiddetto orizzonte olmeco, le bevande al cacao raggiunsero Oaxaca, il Messico centrale e altre regioni mesoamericane. Immagini della pianta del cacao sono state trovate nelle ceramiche e nei dipinti murali di Teotihuacan del primo periodo classico (250-600 d.C.).<\/p>\n\t<div id=\"gap-469295646\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-469295646 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n  \n    <div class=\"row large-columns-4 medium-columns-3 small-columns-2\" >\n  <div class=\"gallery-col col\" >\n          <div class=\"col-inner\">\n            <a class=\"image-lightbox lightbox-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1-1.webp\" title=\"\">            <div class=\"box has-hover gallery-box box-overlay dark\">\n              <div class=\"box-image image-cover\" style=\"padding-top:100%;\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1-1-600x600.webp\" 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size-medium\" alt=\"\" ids=\"18081,18087,18093,18099,18105,18111,18117,18123,18129\" image_height=\"100%\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca8-1-600x338.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca8-1-768x432.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca8-1-247x139.jpeg 247w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca8-1-510x287.jpeg 510w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca8-1.jpeg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>                                  <div class=\"overlay fill\"\n                      style=\"background-color: rgba(0,0,0,.15)\">\n                  <\/div>\n                                                              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"box-text text-left\" >\n                 <p>xr:d:DAF4wKHuFdk:7,j:192943138980316943,t:24010219<\/p>\n              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