{"id":23991,"date":"2025-01-17T13:16:51","date_gmt":"2025-01-17T13:16:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/origem-do-cacau\/cacau-olmeca\/"},"modified":"2026-03-04T21:04:13","modified_gmt":"2026-03-04T21:04:13","slug":"cacau-olmeca","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/pt-pt\/conhecimento\/origem-do-cacau\/cacau-olmeca\/","title":{"rendered":"Cacau Olmeca"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">Origem do Cacau: Os Olmecas<\/h1>\n<p>At\u00e9 h\u00e1 pouco tempo, pensava-se que os Olmecas tinham sido os primeiros a cultivar o cacaueiro, h\u00e1 cerca de 3.000 anos, mas parece que, como j\u00e1 salient\u00e1mos, foi confirmado que algumas tribos da Amaz\u00f3nia j\u00e1 utilizavam a sua semente.<\/p>\n<p>Gra\u00e7as a estudos recentes, fic\u00e1mos tamb\u00e9m a saber que os Olmecas utilizavam o cacau como bebida cerimonial, uma vez que foram encontrados vest\u00edgios de teobromina em grandes vasos de cer\u00e2mica com desenhos que os arque\u00f3logos classificaram como vasos cerimoniais.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00e9culos mais tarde, a cultura do cacau difundiu-se para a civiliza\u00e7\u00e3o Maia (600 a.C.) e M\u00e9xica (1400 a.C.).<\/p>\n<p>A origem do nome \u201ccacau\u201d \u00e9 atribu\u00edda \u00e0 civiliza\u00e7\u00e3o olmeca, que se acredita t\u00ea-lo chamado de <strong>\u201ckakawa\u201d<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1287244669\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"1020\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1-600x600.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1-280x280.webp 280w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1-247x247.webp 247w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1-510x510.webp 510w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1-100x100.webp 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_1287244669 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-1494281812\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-1494281812 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<p>A cultura olmeca desenvolveu-se no M\u00e9xico antigo, durante o per\u00edodo pr\u00e9-cl\u00e1ssico mesoamericano (1200 a 400 a.C.), e \u00e9 considerada a precursora de todas as culturas mesoamericanas. O que de mais significativo ficou desta civiliza\u00e7\u00e3o foram as colossais cabe\u00e7as esculpidas em pedra, com um peso at\u00e9 26 toneladas.<\/p>\n<p>Os complexos monumentais, as suas enormes esculturas em pedra, os jogos de bola, a bebida de chocolate e as divindades animais eram caracter\u00edsticas da cultura olmeca, que influenciaram diretamente o resto das civiliza\u00e7\u00f5es mesoamericanas que lhes sucederiam.<\/p>\n<p>O seu territ\u00f3rio situava-se a sul do Golfo do M\u00e9xico, entre os atuais estados de Veracruz e Tabasco. A sua influ\u00eancia e atividades comerciais expandiram-se a partir de 1200 a.C., chegando at\u00e9 \u00e0 atual Nicar\u00e1gua.<\/p>\n<p>Os Olmecas s\u00e3o uma civiliza\u00e7\u00e3o misteriosa: at\u00e9 a forma como se designavam a si pr\u00f3prios \u00e9 desconhecida (olmeca \u00e9 o seu nome em n\u00e1uatle, significando \u201chabitantes da regi\u00e3o da borracha\u201d).<\/p>\n<p>Os Olmecas deixaram registos dos seus deuses e pr\u00e1ticas religiosas, utilizando s\u00edmbolos.<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1367687204\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"510\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca6.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca6.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca6-600x300.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca6-768x384.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca6-247x124.jpeg 247w, https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca6-510x255.jpeg 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_1367687204 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-2127766704\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-2127766704 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Vest\u00edgios de teobromina em vasos cer\u00e2micos de San Lorenzo:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Powis et al., (2011)<\/strong> descobriram dep\u00f3sitos de cacos e vasos nos s\u00edtios arqueol\u00f3gicos de San Lorenzo e Manat\u00ed (1800-1000 a.C.).<\/p>\n<p>Foram encontradas pequenas embarca\u00e7\u00f5es; Alguns com superf\u00edcie branca, utilizados para servir bebidas de cacau, os recipientes s\u00e3o geralmente de tamanho individual. A cer\u00e2mica de caulino (argila branca) era produzida localmente e exportada para outras regi\u00f5es.<\/p>\n<p>Os recipientes de tamanho m\u00e9dio eram utilizados para servir ou oferecer. Apenas foram encontradas c\u00f3pias com gravuras. Duas delas apresentam motivos cujo significado est\u00e1 ligado \u00e0 terra e ao c\u00e9u.<\/p>\n<p>Estatueta olmeca do deus do cacau e vaso olmeca com restos de cacau<\/p>\n<p>Segundo as hip\u00f3teses atuais, no Pr\u00e9-cl\u00e1ssico M\u00e9dio (1200-500 a.C.), durante o chamado horizonte olmeca, as bebidas de cacau chegaram a Oaxaca, ao centro do M\u00e9xico e a outras regi\u00f5es mesoamericanas. Imagens da planta do cacau foram encontradas em cer\u00e2micas e pinturas murais de Teotihuacan do per\u00edodo cl\u00e1ssico inicial (250-600 d.C.).<\/p>\n\t<div id=\"gap-1108713038\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-1108713038 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n  \n    <div class=\"row large-columns-4 medium-columns-3 small-columns-2\" >\n  <div class=\"gallery-col col\" >\n          <div class=\"col-inner\">\n            <a class=\"image-lightbox lightbox-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1-1.webp\" title=\"\">            <div class=\"box has-hover gallery-box box-overlay dark\">\n              <div class=\"box-image image-cover\" style=\"padding-top:100%;\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sinchisinchi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Olmeca1-1-600x600.webp\" 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